Levon Helm

~ Person

Relationships

eponymous member of:Levon Helm & The Hawks
original member of:The Band (from 1967 to present: lead vocals, mandolin, drums (drum set), guitar)
children:Amy Helm
romantically involved with:Cathy Smith (Canadian backing vocalist)
Libby Titus (from 1969-04 to ????)
part of:Rolling Stone: The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time (number: 148) (order: 148)
IMDb:https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0375629/ [info]
Discogs:https://www.discogs.com/artist/252930 [info]
official homepages:https://levonhelm.com/ [info]
other databases:http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80144172 [info]
http://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6231k1b [info]
https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139885990 [info]
https://d-nb.info/gnd/11938583X [info]
https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/levon-helm [info]
https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80144172 [info]
stream for free:https://open.spotify.com/artist/1PWHsS9haruM3AEebZuGs9 [info]
Allmusic:https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000823165 [info]
SecondHandSongs:https://secondhandsongs.com/artist/21290 [info]
VIAF ID:12500738 [info]
Wikidata:Q356986 [info]
Songkick:https://www.songkick.com/artists/365668 [info]
Last.fm:https://www.last.fm/music/Levon Helm [info]

Appearances

DateTitleCredited asAttributesArtistLength
arranged
False Hearted Lover BluesLevon Helm3:31
Little BirdsLevon Helm4:43
The Blind ChildLevon Helm3:28
The Girl I Left BehindLevon Helm3:37
instruments
1963-01Who Do You Love?drums (drum set)The Band2:40
1965-09He Don't Love You (And He'll Break Your Heart)drums (drum set)The Band2:38
1965-10-01Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?drums (drum set)Bob Dylan3:34
1965-10-05Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?drums (drum set)The Band3:38
1965-10-05I Wanna Be Your Lover (studio outtake – 1966)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan3:28
1965-10-05I Wanna Be Your Lover (take 1, 10/05/1965, fragment)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan1:08
1965-10-05I Wanna Be Your Lover (take 6, 10/05/1965, complete)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan3:30
1965-10-05Instrumental (take 2, 10/05/1965, complete)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan4:03
1965-10-05Jet Pilot (studio outtake – 1966)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan0:50
1965-10-05Jet Pilot (take 1, 10/05/1965, released on Biograph, 1985)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan1:27
1965-10-05Medicine Sunday (take 1, 10/05/1965, incomplete)drums (drum set) [drums]Bob Dylan1:02
1967Minstrel Boy (unreleased, The Basement Tapes)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan1:40
1967 – 1968Ain't No More Case on the BrazosmandolinThe Band3:59
1968-01-12The Weight (album version)drums (drum set)The Band4:35
1968-02-20Orange Juice Blues (Blues for Breakfast)drums (drum set)The Band3:18
1968-02I Shall Be Releaseddrums (drum set)The Band3:14
1969-03 – 1969-04King Harvest (Has Surely Come) (original CD remix)drums (drum set)The Band3:38
1969-08-31Highway 61 Revisited (live, Isle of Wight, 1969)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan and The Band3:39
1969-08-31I’ll Be Your Baby Tonight (live, Isle of Wight, 1969)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan and The Band3:32
1970-05Slippin' & Slidin'drums (drum set)The Band3:23
1970-06 – 1970-07Stage Frightdrums (drum set)The Band3:42
1971-02Don't Do Itdrums (drum set)The Band3:48
1971-064% Pantomime (alternate take)drums (drum set)The Band6:02
1971-08Life Is a Carnivaldrums (drum set)The Band3:57
1972Endless Highwaydrums (drum set)The Band5:08
1973-04-02Share Your Love With Medrums (drum set)The Band2:55
1973-11-05 – 1973-11-09Forever Young (slow version)drums (drum set)Bob Dylan4:57
1973-11-08Forever Young (Bob Dylan With the Band)drums (drum set)The Band4:56
1976-07-17Chest Feverelectric guitarThe Band4:31
1976-07-17Don't Do Itelectric guitarThe Band5:26
1976-07-17Forbidden Fruitelectric guitarThe Band6:03
1976-07-17It Makes No Differenceelectric guitarThe Band7:19
1976-07-17King Harvest (Has Surely Come)electric guitarThe Band3:41
1976-07-17Opheliaelectric guitarThe Band3:32
1976-07-17Tears of Rageelectric guitarThe Band5:50
1976-07-17The Genetic Methodelectric guitarThe Band2:58
1976-07-17The Night They Drove Old Dixie Downelectric guitarThe Band4:03
1976-07-17The Shape I'm Inelectric guitarThe Band4:06
1976-07-17The Weightelectric guitarThe Band4:36
1976-07-17This Wheel's on Fireelectric guitarThe Band3:52
1976-07-17Twilightelectric guitarThe Band3:25
1976-07-17Up on Cripple Creekelectric guitarThe Band5:49
1976-07-17W.S. Walcott's Medicine Showelectric guitarThe Band3:56
1976-11-25Jam #1drums (drum set)The Band5:32
1976-11-25Jam #2drums (drum set)The Band9:11
1976-11-25Theme From the Last Waltz (live, 1976-11-25: "The Last Waltz", Winterland Ballroom, San Francisco, CA, USA)mandolinThe Band with Orchestra3:49
1976-11-25Theme From The Last WaltzmandolinThe Band3:28
1976-11-25Theme From The Last Waltz (live, 1976-11-25: "The Last Waltz", Winterland Ballroom, San Francisco, CA, USA)mandolinThe Band3:40
1976-11-25Theme From the Last Waltz (5.1 mix)mandolinThe Band with Orchestra3:50
1976-11-25Theme From The Last Waltz (orchestra)mandolinThe Band3:52
1976Home Cookin'bassThe Band3:45
1992-10-16When I Paint My Masterpiece (live, 1992-10-16: Madison Square Garden, New York, NY, USA)mandolinThe Band4:23
2003 – 2004What Am I to You?drums (drum set)Norah Jones3:30
2009-03-09I Shall Be Released (live: Beacon Theatre, New York – March 9, 2009)drums (drum set)The Allman Brothers Band6:47
2009-03-09Ophelia (live: Beacon Theatre, New York – March 9, 2009)drums (drum set)The Allman Brothers Band6:03
2009-03-09The Weight (live: Beacon Theatre, New York – March 9, 2009)drums (drum set)The Allman Brothers Band7:17
14th Streetdrums (drum set)Rufus Wainwright4:44
A Train Robberyacoustic guitarLevon Helm5:29
Acadian Driftwooddrums (drum set)The Band6:43
All La Glorydrums (drum set)The Band3:35
Back to Memphisdrums (drum set)The Band5:11
Back to MemphisbassThe Band5:11
Calvarydrums (drum set) [drums]Levon Helm4:55
Crazy MamabassThe Band4:48
Daniel and the Sacred Harp12 string guitarThe Band4:14
EmilymandolinLos Lobos3:50
Evangeline (5.1 mix)mandolinThe Band with Emmylou Harris3:13
False Hearted Lover Bluesdrums (drum set) [drums]Levon Helm3:31
Feelin’ Gooddrums (drum set) [drums]Levon Helm3:33
Fieldworkerdrums (drum set)Crosby & Nash2:45
Forbidden Fruitdrums (drum set)The Band5:59
Forever Youngdrums (drum set)The Band6:30
Free Your Minddrums (drum set)The Band5:06
Got Me a WomanmandolinLevon Helm3:13
Growin' Tradedrums (drum set) [drums]Levon Helm4:22
Heat LightningmembranophoneAmy Helm3:33
Heaven's Pearlsdrums (drum set) [drums]Levon Helm4:10
Hobo Jungledrums (drum set)The Band4:14
Honey Don’tdrums (drum set) [drums]Carl Perkins & Ringo Starr2:42
I Must Love You Too Muchdrums (drum set)The Band3:33
I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be Freedrums (drum set) [drums]Levon Helm3:25
It Makes No Differencedrums (drum set)The Band6:33
Jupiter Hollowdrums (drum set)The Band5:19
Just Another Whistle Stopdrums (drum set)The Band3:51
KingfishmandolinLevon Helm4:24
Kingfishdrums (drum set) [drums]Levon Helm4:24
Little Birdsacoustic guitarLevon Helm4:43
Lovin' on the SidemandolinThe Nitty Gritty Dirt Band2:58
Move Along Traindrums (drum set) [drums]Levon Helm3:22
One Too Many MorningsharmonicaThe Band5:13
One Too Many Morningsdrums (drum set)The Band5:13
Opheliadrums (drum set)The Band3:32
Opus 40drums (drum set) and guestMercury Rev5:11
Out of the Blue (5.1 mix)drums (drum set)The Band3:22
Poor Old Dirt Farmerdrums (drum set) [drums]Levon Helm3:54
Rags and Bonesdrums (drum set)The Band4:45
Ramble JungleharpThe Band5:00
Ramble Jungledrums (drum set)The Band5:00
Revolution Bluesdrums (drum set)Neil Young4:04
Ring Your Belldrums (drum set)The Band3:55
See all 143 relationships
instruments arranged
Ramble JunglehornThe Band5:00
performed
Life Is a CarnivalThe Wild Magnolias feat. Robbie Robertson & Levon Helm5:10
The Death of MeJohnny Cash & Levon Helm3:07
The Old Clay CountyCharlie Daniels & Levon Helm3:35
When I Get My RewardsLead Vocals – Levon Helmguest and soloThe Nitty Gritty Dirt Band4:25
Will the Circle Be UnbrokenLead Vocals [4th Verse] – Levon Helmguest and soloThe Nitty Gritty Dirt Band5:39
With a Little Help From My Friends (live, 1989-09: Greek Theatre, Los Angeles, CA, USA)Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band3:42
vocals
1965-09He Don't Love You (And He'll Break Your Heart)The Band2:38
1967Minstrel Boy (unreleased, The Basement Tapes)Bob Dylan1:40
1967 – 1968Ain't No More Case on the BrazosThe Band3:59
1968-01-12The Weight (album version)background vocalsThe Band4:35
1968-01-12The Weight (album version)lead vocalsThe Band4:35
1968-02I Shall Be ReleasedThe Band3:14
1969-03 – 1969-04King Harvest (Has Surely Come) (original CD remix)The Band3:38
1969-08-31Highway 61 Revisited (live, Isle of Wight, 1969)Bob Dylan and The Band3:39
1969-08-31I’ll Be Your Baby Tonight (live, Isle of Wight, 1969)Bob Dylan and The Band3:32
1970-05Slippin' & Slidin'The Band3:23
1971-02Don't Do ItThe Band3:48
1971-08Life Is a CarnivalThe Band3:57
1976-07-17Chest FeverThe Band4:31
1976-07-17Don't Do ItThe Band5:26
1976-07-17Forbidden FruitThe Band6:03
1976-07-17It Makes No DifferenceThe Band7:19
1976-07-17King Harvest (Has Surely Come)The Band3:41
1976-07-17OpheliaThe Band3:32
1976-07-17Tears of RageThe Band5:50
1976-07-17The Genetic MethodThe Band2:58
1976-07-17The Night They Drove Old Dixie DownThe Band4:03
1976-07-17The Shape I'm InThe Band4:06
1976-07-17The WeightThe Band4:36
1976-07-17This Wheel's on FireThe Band3:52
1976-07-17TwilightThe Band3:25
1976-07-17Up on Cripple CreekThe Band5:49
1976-07-17W.S. Walcott's Medicine ShowThe Band3:56
1976-11-25Acadian DriftwoodThe Band7:07
1976-11-25Don’t Do ItThe Band6:20
1976-11-25Down South in New OrleansThe Band with Bobby Charles3:11
1976-11-25Down South in New Orleans (live, 1976-11-25: "The Last Waltz", Winterland Ballroom, San Francisco, CA, USA)The Band with Bobby Charles3:06
1976-11-25Down South in New Orleans (5.1 mix)The Band with Bobby Charles3:11
1976-11-25King Harvest (Has Surely Come)The Band3:52
1976-11-25Life Is a Carnival (live, 1976-11-25: "The Last Waltz", Winterland Ballroom, San Francisco, CA, USA)The Band4:26
1976-11-25Life Is a CarnivalThe Band4:32
1976-11-25Life Is a Carnival (5.1 mix)The Band4:22
1976-11-25Mystery Train (live, 1976-11-25: "The Last Waltz", Winterland Ballroom, San Francisco, CA, USA)The Band with Paul Butterfield5:03
1976-11-25Mystery Train (5.1 mix)The Band with Paul Butterfield5:06
1976-11-25Ophelia (live, 1976-11-25: "The Last Waltz", Winterland Ballroom, San Francisco, CA, USA)The Band3:50
1976-11-25Ophelia (5.1 mix)The Band3:50
1976-11-25Rag Mama RagThe Band3:53
1976-11-25Rag Mama RagThe Band4:34
1976-11-25The Night They Drove Old Dixie DownThe Band4:34
1976-11-25The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down (live, 1976-11-25: "The Last Waltz", Winterland Ballroom, San Francisco, CA, USA)The Band4:43
1976-11-25The Night They Drove Old Dixie DownThe Band4:35
1976-11-25The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down (5.1 mix)The Band4:44
1976-11-25The W.S. Walcott Medicine ShowThe Band3:39
1976-11-25The WeightThe Band4:51
1976-11-25Up on Cripple Creek (live, 1976-11-25: "The Last Waltz", Winterland Arena, San Francisco, CA, USA)The Band4:44
1976-11-25Up on Cripple Creek (live, 1976-11-25: "The Last Waltz", Winterland Ballroom, San Francisco, CA, USA)The Band5:31
1976-11-25Up on Cripple Creek (5.1 mix)The Band5:28
1989-09-03 – 1989-09-04The Weight (live, 1989)Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band feat. Levon Helm5:57
1990-07-21Mother (live, 1990-07-21: Berlin, Germany)background vocalsSinéad O’Connor6:38
1992-10-16When I Paint My Masterpiece (live, 1992-10-16: Madison Square Garden, New York, NY, USA)The Band4:23
1993-08 – 1993-10Longing in Their Heartsbackground vocals [Harmony Vocals]Bonnie Raitt4:49
2009-03-09I Shall Be Released (live: Beacon Theatre, New York – March 9, 2009)The Allman Brothers Band6:47
2009-03-09Ophelia (live: Beacon Theatre, New York – March 9, 2009)The Allman Brothers Band6:03
2009-03-09The Weight (live: Beacon Theatre, New York – March 9, 2009)The Allman Brothers Band7:17
A Train RobberyLevon Helm5:29
Acadian DriftwoodThe Band6:43
All La Glorylead vocalsThe Band3:35
Anna LeeLevon Helm3:44
Back to MemphisThe Band5:11
CalvaryLevon Helm4:55
Daniel and the Sacred Harplead vocalsThe Band4:14
EmilyLos Lobos3:50
Evangeline (5.1 mix)The Band with Emmylou Harris3:13
False Hearted Lover BluesLevon Helm3:31
Feelin’ GoodLevon Helm3:33
Forbidden FruitThe Band5:59
Forever YoungThe Band6:30
Free Your MindThe Band5:06
Golden BirdLevon Helm5:11
Got Me a WomanLevon Helm3:13
Growin' TradeLevon Helm4:22
Heaven's PearlsLevon Helm4:10
Honey Don’tCarl Perkins & Ringo Starr2:42
I Fell in Lovebackground vocalsCarlene Carter3:42
I Must Love You Too MuchThe Band3:33
I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be FreeLevon Helm3:25
It Makes No DifferenceThe Band6:33
Jupiter HollowThe Band5:19
KingfishLevon Helm4:24
Little BirdsLevon Helm4:43
Little John of GodLos Lobos2:19
Me and the Wildwood Rosebackground vocalsCarlene Carter3:54
Move Along TrainLevon Helm3:22
OpheliaThe Band3:32
Poor Old Dirt FarmerLevon Helm3:54
Ring Your BellThe Band3:55
Single Girl, Married GirlLevon Helm3:20
Stand UpThe Band3:07
Steppin' OutEric Clapton4:17
Straight Between the EyesKeith Emerson2:39
Strawberry Winelead vocalsThe Band2:36
Stuff You Gotta WatchLevon Helm3:38
Tennessee JedLevon Helm5:58
The Blind ChildLevon Helm3:28
The Girl I Left BehindLevon Helm3:37
The High Price of LoveThe Band6:00
See all 116 relationships
instruments
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement Tapesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement TapesmandolinBob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement TapesmandolinBob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement Tapeselectric bass guitarBob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement Tapeselectric bass guitarBob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement Tapesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement Tapesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement TapesmandolinBob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement Tapeselectric bass guitarBob Dylan & The Band
1973-11-05 – 1973-11-09Planet Wavesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1973-11-05 – 1973-11-09Planet Wavesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1973-11-05 – 1973-11-09Planet Wavesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan with The Band
1973-11-05 – 1973-11-09Planet Wavesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1973-11-05 – 1973-11-09Planet Wavesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1973-11-05 – 1973-11-09Planet Wavesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1973-11-05 – 1973-11-09Planet Wavesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-01-031974-01-03: Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-041974-01-04: Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-061974-01-06, evening show: The Spectrum, Philadelphia, PA, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-141974 Soundboard Collectiondrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-01-141974-01-14, evening show: Boston Gardens, Boston, MA, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-14Love Songs for Americadrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-14Man on the Street, Volume Twodrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-01-151974-01-15: Capitol Center, Largo, MD, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-191974-01-19, evening show: Hollywood Sportatorium, Hollywood, FL, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-291974-01-29: Nassau County Coliseum, Uniondale, NY, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-30 – 1974-02-14Before the Flooddrums (drum set)Bob Dylan / The Band
1974-01-311974 Soundboard Collectiondrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-01-31Man on the Street, Volume Twodrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-02-091974-02-09, afternoon show: Coliseum, Seattle, WA, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-02-111974 Soundboard Collectiondrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-02-111974-02-11, evening show: Coliseum, Oakland, CA, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-02-13With a Little Help From Two Stonesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-02-141974 Soundboard Collectiondrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-02-141974-02-14, afternoon show: Forum, Inglewood, CA, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1974-02-141974-02-14, evening show: Forum, Inglewood, CA, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
1974-02-141974-02-14: Early Show, The Forum, Inglewood, CA, USAdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan & The Band
1975-02-06 – 1975-02-07The Muddy Waters Woodstock AlbummembranophoneMuddy Waters
1975-02-06 – 1975-02-07The Muddy Waters Woodstock AlbumbassMuddy Waters
Cahootsdrums (drum set)The Band
CahootsmandolinThe Band
CahootsguitarThe Band
Jesse Winchesterdrums (drum set) [drums]Jesse Winchester
Jesse WinchestermandolinJesse Winchester
Planet Wavesdrums (drum set)Bob Dylan
Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Banddrums (drum set)Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band
Rock of Agesdrums (drum set)The Band
Rock of AgesmandolinThe Band
The Anthology… So FarRingo Starr & His All Starr Band
The BandmandolinThe Band
The BandguitarThe Band
The Banddrums (drum set)The Band
The BandmandolinThe Band
The BandguitarThe Band
The BandmandolinThe Band
The Band (club edition)guitar, mandolin and membranophoneThe Band
The Banddrums (drum set)The Band
The BandguitarThe Band
The Banddrums (drum set)The Band
The Band (The Band Remasters)guitarThe Band
The Band (The Band Remasters)drums (drum set)The Band
The Band (The Band Remasters)mandolinThe Band
The BandmandolinThe Band
The Banddrums (drum set)The Band
The BandguitarThe Band
The Band (50th anniversary edition)guitarThe Band
The Band (50th anniversary edition)drums (drum set)The Band
The Band (50th anniversary edition)mandolinThe Band
The Band (The Band Remasters)mandolinThe Band
The Band (The Band Remasters)drums (drum set)The Band
The Band (The Band Remasters)guitarThe Band
The Last Waltzdrums (drum set)The Band
The Last Waltzdrums (drum set)The Band
The Last WaltzmandolinThe Band
The Last Waltzdrums (drum set)The Band
The Last WaltzmandolinThe Band
The Last Waltzdrums (drum set)The Band
The Last WaltzmandolinThe Band
The Last WaltzmandolinThe Band
The Last Waltzdrums (drum set)The Band
The Last Waltzdrums (drum set)The Band
The Last Waltzdrums (drum set)The Band
The Last WaltzmandolinThe Band
The Last WaltzmandolinThe Band
The Last Waltzdrums (drum set)The Band
The Last WaltzmandolinThe Band
The Last WaltzmandolinThe Band
Wind on the Waterdrums (drum set)Crosby & Nash
performed
JerichoThe Band
Music From Big PinkThe Band
produced
Didn’t It RainexecutiveAmy Helm
vocals
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement TapesBob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement TapesBob Dylan & The Band
1967-06 – 1967-10The Basement TapesBob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-031974-01-03: Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL, USABob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-14Love Songs for AmericaBob Dylan & The Band
1974-01-30 – 1974-02-14Before the FloodBob Dylan / The Band
CahootsThe Band
Longing in Their Heartsbackground vocals and guestBonnie Raitt
Ringo Starr and His All-Starr BandRingo Starr & His All Starr Band
Rock of AgesThe Band
The Band (club edition)The Band
The BandThe Band
The BandThe Band
The BandThe Band
The BandThe Band
The Band (The Band Remasters)The Band
The Band (50th anniversary edition)The Band
The Band (The Band Remasters)The Band
The Last WaltzThe Band
The Last WaltzThe Band
The Last WaltzThe Band
The Last WaltzThe Band
The Last WaltzThe Band
The Last WaltzThe Band
The Last WaltzThe Band
The Last WaltzThe Band
tribute albums
2012-10-03Love for Levon: A Benefit to Save the BarnVarious Artists
arranged
Milk Cow Boogie
composed
Growin' Trade
lyrics
Growin' Trade
wrote
Blues so Bad
Don't Wait
High Cotton
Jemima Surrender
Kentucky Downpour
Last Train to Memphis
Life Is a Carnival
Move to Japan
Ramble Jungle
Spirit of the Dance
Strawberry Wine
The Caves of Jericho
White Cadillac (Ode to Ronnie Hawkins)